Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the abdominal contents protrudes outward through an opening in the groin area. 75% of hernias occur in this region. It is a common condition with a prevalence of 27% in men and 3% in women.

Inguinal hernias occur when part of the abdominal contents protrudes through a weak spot in the lower abdomen. Many of these hernias have no apparent cause, while others result from the following:

• Increased pressure in the abdomen and/or the presence of a weak spot in the abdominal wall
• Frequent straining during bowel movements or urination
• High-impact activities
• Pregnancy
• Chronic coughing and sneezing

Additionally, certain risk factors may favor the above causes, such as:

• Sex: men are eight times more likely than women.
• Age: it is more common in older age due to tissue weakening.
• Chronic constipation, which can lead to increased straining during bowel movements.
• Premature birth.
• Personal history of hernia.

An inguinal hernia is not necessarily dangerous. However, if it does not improve on its own, it can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. The most common symptoms include:

• Presence of a lump on either side of the pubis, which becomes more noticeable when standing or coughing
• A burning sensation or pain in the area
• A feeling of heaviness and weakness in the groin
• Pain and swelling around the testicles may occur if the protruding part descends into the scrotum

One of the serious complications of hernias is strangulation of its contents, which can interrupt blood flow and requires urgent surgery.

Inguinal hernia cannot be entirely prevented, but there are measures that can reduce tension in the abdominal tissues and muscles, such as:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Having a diet rich in fiber to help prevent constipation
• Avoiding lifting very heavy objects or engaging in high-impact activities
• Avoiding smoking, which can cause chronic coughing and tissue weakening