Insomnia

Insomnia refers to a chronic sleep disorder that involves difficulties in falling or staying asleep, and goes beyond sporadic sleep disturbances. This problem can have a significant impact on the quality of life and daily functioning of those who suffer from it. In fact, it is estimated that about one third of the general population has experienced insomnia at some point in their lives.

Insomnia refers to a sleep disorder that encompasses a variety of difficulties related to the quality and quantity of nighttime rest. Affected individuals may experience problems falling asleep at the beginning of the night, difficulty staying asleep during the course of the night, or feeling that the sleep obtained is not restorative. These difficulties persist despite having an environment conducive to sleep. A central feature of insomnia is that these sleep disturbances are associated with functional impairment during the day, which may include difficulties in concentration, mood and overall performance. In addition, the pattern of sleep difficulties must be repeated at least three times per week and have been present for a minimum period of one month.

This disorder has been linked to increased risk and severity of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and mental and emotional health disorders.

In the study of insomnia, genetics plays an important role, however, there are other non-genetic factors that increase the risk of suffering from this condition:

• The female sex has a greater predisposition to suffer from insomnia due to hormonal changes experienced during the menstrual cycle, menopause or pregnancy.
• Stress and/or traumatic life events.
• Advanced age. There is an increased risk of insomnia after the age of 60.
• Comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, diabetes or cancer.
• Lack of a regular sleep schedule.

Prevention of insomnia is based on the adoption of good sleep habits that promote healthy rest. Maintaining a regular bedtime and wake-up routine, even on weekends, along with regular physical activity, is a key strategy for improving sleep quality. Review of medications with possible implications for insomnia, moderation or avoidance of daytime naps, as well as limiting caffeine, alcohol and nicotine intake, also play an essential role in prevention.