Olanzapine (Efficacy)
Olanzapine is an antipsychotic agent, chemically related to clozapine and with the same mechanism of action. Olanzapine binds to alpha-1, dopaminergic, histamine H1, muscarinic and serotonergic (5-HT2 type) receptors. Compared to typical antipsychotics, olanzapine shows reduced cardiovascular effects and induces less hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal reactions. From a clinical point of view, olanzapine is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia symptoms and is also used in the treatment of acute mania with bipolar disorders and to reduce agitation and other psychotic symptoms of dementia.
When olanzapine is used, therapeutic failure may occur in some patients due to the presence of adverse effects or because the treatment is not effective and good symptom control is not achieved. The presence of certain variants in genes involved in its metabolism, transport and receptors involved in the response could explain part of the variability observed among patients.
BRAND NAMES
- Zyprexa®
- Zydis®
Genes analyzed
Bibliography
Adams DH, Close S, Farmen M, et al. Dopamine receptor D3 genotype association with greater acute positive symptom remission with olanzapine therapy in predominantly Caucasian patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jun;23(4):267-74.
Czerwensky F, Leucht S, Steimer W. CYP1A2*1D and *1F polymorphisms have a significant impact on olanzapine serum concentrations. Ther Drug Monit. 2015 Apr;37(2):152-60.
Lencz T, Robinson DG, Xu K, et al. DRD2 promoter region variation as a predictor of sustained response to antipsychotic medication in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;163(3):529-31.
Zubiaur P, Soria-Chacartegui P, Villapalos-García G, et al. The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacogenomics. 2021 Sep;22(14):939-958.
