Abdominal hernia

An abdominal hernia is the protrusion of abdominal contents through a weakened point in the muscle wall, causing a noticeable bulge. They are relatively common, do not resolve on their own, and may require surgery.

The risk factors for the development of hernias are as follows:

• Sex: it is much more common in men than in women. Additionally, the vast majority of newborns who develop hernias are male.
• Chronic cough: prolonged coughing, such as that associated with smoking, increases the risk.
• Constipation: straining during bowel movements is a common cause.
• Overweight and obesity: excess abdominal fat increases pressure on the abdomen.
• Pregnancy: this condition can weaken the abdominal muscles.
• Heavy physical work: having a job that requires continuous lifting.
• Abdominal surgery.
• Premature birth.
• Personal history of hernia: if you have had one before, you are more likely to develop another.

Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the hernia, distinguishing mainly between inguinal, femoral, umbilical, and epigastric hernias.

All forms of abdominal hernia present as a hard and tense bulge that cannot be pushed back. Additionally, it may become more noticeable during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects. It is common for no additional symptoms to be present, but there may also be a burning or painful sensation, or a feeling of heaviness (especially in inguinal hernias).

One of the serious complications of hernias is the strangulation of its contents, which can interrupt blood flow and requires urgent surgery.

The risk of abdominal hernia can be reduced by taking actions that decrease pressure on the abdomen. These include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Avoiding constipation with a healthy, fiber-rich diet.
• When exerting effort, be mindful and strengthen the abdominal area to minimize impact.
• Quitting smoking. Tobacco causes chronic coughing, which increases the risk of abdominal wall dysfunction.
• Practicing exercises to strengthen the abdominal wall, especially in those at higher risk, such as pregnant women or after certain surgeries. Physical therapy can be very beneficial in these cases.