Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a set of symptoms affecting the nose and sinuses. It is usually triggered by allergens such as dust, dust mites or cat and dog hair. It is a very common disorder, affecting between 20-40% of the global population.

The most important risk factor for allergic rhinitis is the genetic component. Having a first-degree relative affected can increase the probability of suffering from allergic rhinitis by up to 75%.

However, in addition to the above, there are several environmental factors that also contribute to its development, among which the following stand out:

• Having allergies or asthma.
• Suffering from atopic dermatitis or eczema.
• Living in an environment of continuous exposure to allergens, smoke or odors that irritate the nasal epithelium.
• Having a mother who smoked during pregnancy and/or first year of life.

It is usually a chronic condition with symptoms that may appear continuously or be seasonal, triggered by exposure to allergens (pollen, dust mites, pet hair, etc). Symptoms include:

• Runny nose and nasal congestion.
• Itching and redness of the eyes
• Coughing and sneezing
• Itchy nose and throat
• Bluish or swollen skin under the eyes
• Difficulty sleeping and tiredness

There is no effective way to prevent the development of allergic rhinitis, although there is a way to reduce the symptoms by avoiding exposure to triggering allergens and taking appropriate medications for its control.