Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis is a condition that occurs when a clot or thrombus forms in a deep vein within a part of the body. It primarily affects the lower extremities but can occur in any part of the body. If the clots or thrombi travel through the bloodstream, they can lodge in the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.

Risk factors that can lead to the formation of clots include:

• Bed rest or maintaining a static posture for a long time, such as on a long flight.
• Family history of blood clots.
• Fractures in the pelvis or legs.
• Having given birth in the last 6 months.
• Pregnancy.
• Obesity.
• Recent surgery, especially hip or knee surgery.
• Having a permanent catheter in a blood vessel.
• Some conditions such as polycythemia vera, certain types of cancer, or autoimmune disorders.
• Smoking.
• Some medications like oral estrogens.

The disorder mainly affects the large veins of the lower extremities, although many people do not show symptoms. Among the symptoms that may occur are:

• Swelling of the leg (edema).
• Pain in the leg that may only be felt when standing or walking.
• Increased warmth in the area of the leg that is swollen or painful.
• Redness or changes in skin color.

Sometimes, the symptoms presented are associated with complications such as pulmonary embolism, a potentially serious condition characterized by a sensation of shortness of breath, pain when taking a deep breath, or coughing up blood.

Generally, the most effective preventive measures include elevating the legs, early mobilization, and the use of anticoagulants. More specifically:

• Start moving as soon as possible after being in bed for a while, following surgery or illness.
• Use compression stockings if it is a person at risk.
• Use anticoagulant medications in individuals at higher risk.
• On long trips, get up and walk every 1-2 hours, wear loose clothing, and keep your legs moving while seated.
• Healthy lifestyle, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.