Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer originates when some prostate cells mutate and begin to multiply uncontrollably. The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped gland that produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. It is the second most common type of cancer in men and generally has a good prognosis due to the widespread use of techniques for its early detection.

The incidence of prostate cancer is estimated at approximately 25 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The causes of prostate cancer are not clear, although some factors have been identified that increase the risk of developing the disease. In addition to genetic factors, such as the presence of mutations in BRCA1/2 or hereditary syndromes like Lynch syndrome, environmental factors that contribute to the increased risk of developing prostate cancer have been identified. Among them:

• It is more common after the age of 50.
• Ethnic origin, being more common in men of African American origin. Additionally, in them, the likelihood of being more aggressive increases.
• Obesity.
• Smoking.
• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as Agent Orange.
• Chronic inflammation of the prostate.
• Viral infections such as herpes, cytomegalovirus, or papillomavirus, and bacterial sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk in patients with a genetic predisposition.

It is common for prostate cancer not to present any symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Generally, these are tumors that evolve slowly, and symptoms appear in more advanced stages of the process. The most common symptoms are as follows:

• Difficulty starting urination.
• Weak or interrupted urine flow.
• Frequent urination, especially at night.
• Difficulty emptying the bladder.
• Pain or burning during urination.
• Blood in the urine or semen.
• Persistent pain in the back, hips, or pelvis.
• Pain during ejaculation.

These symptoms are common to other more frequent conditions, so it is important to consult a specialist doctor if they appear.

The risk of developing prostate cancer is fundamentally related to age, race, family history, and the genetic predisposition of each individual. These factors are considered non-modifiable, and currently, there are no measures that can be taken to avoid it.

However, there are some measures that could reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer.

• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Healthy diet, with a primary consumption of fruits and vegetables, avoiding high-fat foods.
• Reduction in dairy consumption. Some studies have associated excess dairy consumption with a higher risk of developing prostate carcinoma.

Prostate cancer screening programs are very effective for its detection. This, along with its slow progression and the presence of characteristic symptoms, allows it to be a carcinoma with a good prognosis and a very low mortality rate.