Rs2395029 is a SNP located in the region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Several studies have demonstrated that rs2395029 (G) allele is 99.9% predictive of the presence of HLA-B*5701 allele, which in turn has been associated with several conditions.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of serious liver disease. The antimicrobial agent flucloxacillin is a common cause of DILI.

In a genome-wide association study performed in 51 flucloxacillin DILI cases and 282 controls, the authors found an association between rs2395029 and the hepatic toxicity related to flucloxacillin. People with one or two copies of the rs2395029 (G) allele were 45 more times prone to suffer hepatic toxicity after taking flucloxacillin in comparison to people with (T;T) genotype. The rs2395029 (G) allele is perfectly associated to an immunological marker named HLA-B*5701, due to this the authors examined 74 patients whit hepatic toxicity related to flucloxacillin. They found that individuals with the HLA-B*5701 allele were 80 times more prone to have an adverse reaction in response to flucloxacillin than patients without the marker. Despite the high increased risk of adverse responses in rs2395029 (G) allele carriers, not every people with this genotype will have necessarily liver toxicity due to flucloxacillin treatment.

In summary, the study conducted in 51 cases of hepatic toxicity related to flucloxacillin, together with a study of other 23 cases, found that carriers for the rs2395029 (G) polymorphism had a very increased risk (odds ratio 80, P=8.7x10(-33)). The individuals with the rs2395029 (G;G) genotype showed 45 more odds of flucloxacillin-induced DILI.

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