Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of fat metabolism characterized by an increase in one or more lipid fractions in the blood, with triglycerides and cholesterol being the most common.

Hyperlipidemias can have a genetic origin, although these account for only 5% of the total cases (not analyzed here). The vast majority of cases are of complex origin and are often associated with another pathology or the use of certain medications, such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, or renal insufficiency, among others.

The factors that can contribute to the onset of hyperlipidemia are as follows:

• Unhealthy diet, rich in saturated fats, sugars, and ultra-processed foods.
• Obesity or overweight.
• Lack of physical exercise.
• Smoking.
• Regular alcohol consumption.
• Age, being much more common after the age of 40.

In most cases, hyperlipidemia does not produce any symptoms and requires a blood test for diagnosis. When triglyceride levels are exceptionally high, they can cause episodes of abdominal pain due to pancreatitis, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and fat eruptions on the skin called xanthomas.

It is important to note that persistently high levels of triglycerides and/or cholesterol are the main risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and vascular events.

Leading a healthy lifestyle is the main way to reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia. Preventive measures include:

• Following a low-salt diet and prioritizing the consumption of fruits and vegetables
• Limiting the amount of animal fat
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Exercising regularly
• Avoiding tobacco and alcohol
• Managing stress
• If there is a diagnosis of an associated disease such as diabetes, it is important to maintain good control of it