Varicose veins

Varicose veins, or varicose veins, are venous dilatations, swollen and twisted, in which blood return is hindered. They are more common in the legs, although they can appear in other parts of the body, and are usually visible. They are present in approximately 30% of the population.

The main cause of varicose veins is the alteration in the venous valves, which allow the unidirectional flow of blood. When these do not close properly, blood begins to accumulate in these veins, causing them to dilate. The most important risk factors that favor the appearance of varicose veins are the following:

• Family and personal history.
• Excess weight increases the pressure on the veins.
• Aging causes natural wear and tear of the structures.
• It is much more frequent in women, associated with hormonal changes.
• During this period, blood volume increases, which can enlarge leg veins.
• Standing or sitting for long periods of time.
• Certain drugs may promote its appearance, such as contraceptives.

The presence of varicose veins can cause the following symptoms:

• Bluish, bulging veins that are visible.
• Tiredness and heaviness in the legs that usually subsides with walking and elevation of the limbs.
• Pain, especially in the area adjacent to the affected venous pathways.
• Cramps, which are very frequent and occur mainly at night.
• Itching or burning around the varicose vein.
• Swelling.

Although prevention of varicose veins is difficult in most cases, there are certain actions that can reduce the likelihood of varicose veins. The most effective measures involve improving blood flow and muscle tone and among them are:

• Use of appropriate shoes, avoiding the use of high heels.
• Avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time, changing position frequently.
• A diet rich in fiber and low in salt to minimize the accumulation of liquids.
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly. Walking is one of the most beneficial exercises.
• Elevate your legs from time to time to promote venous return.
• Avoid wearing clothes that are too tight
• Massage the legs from the foot to the thigh in an upward direction.

Once they have appeared, there are treatments to reduce the associated symptoms, such as compression stockings, and even to eliminate them.