Corneal curvature

The cornea is fundamental for vision, since its curvature directly influences light refraction and, therefore, visual quality. Alterations in this curvature can result in refractive errors such as myopia and hyperopia. Refractive errors are widespread in the world and one of the most affected populations is the Asian population.

Corneal curvature refers to the shape and curvature of the cornea, the transparent, convex layer that covers the front of the eye and plays a crucial role in the refraction of light. It is a key aspect of the eye's vision, as the surface of the cornea provides approximately two-thirds of the eye's optical power. Changes in the curvature of the cornea can significantly affect refractive error, as occurs in myopia, where a steeper curvature is associated with a more negative or myopic refractive error. In an emmetropic eye (without vision problems), the refractive power of the optical components of the eye, including the curvature of the cornea, must be properly aligned with the axial length of the eye to avoid refractive errors such as myopia or hyperopia.

Problems in the refractive ability of the eye are a common error worldwide, particularly in Asia, where uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness.

Measurement of corneal curvature can be performed by different specialized methods, although corneal topography is one of the most commonly used. This technique uses Placido rings or laser scanning systems to generate a detailed three-dimensional map of the corneal surface. The average curves of an emmetropic eye are between 42 and 45D.